Post 13 Bone Career

Forensic Anthropologist 


Description
A forensic anthropologist works with law enforcement agencies to process evidence relating to skeletal bones. They study human remains for legal purposes such as police investigations. They analyze these remains to draw conclusions about the life of the deceased such as their identity. They can conclude how old they were, what gender, and pinpoint the condition which death occur. They may be called on to testify in court as their expertise is often used as the basis for legal rulings in criminal cases.

Education
To become a forensic anthropologist, a person must have a master's degree, although a Ph.D. may be preferred. Some courses that one should take are biology, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, and genetics. After completing a bachelor's degree, then they should go on to pursue a master's degree or Ph.D. at a graduate program.

Salary
According to BLS, the average annual salary for a forensic anthropologist was $64,290. The bottom ten percent averaged $35,440 a year, while the top ten percent averaged $97,040 a year.

Sources: http://study.com/articles/Forensic_Anthropologist_Job_Description_Outlook_and_Salary.html

Post 12 Bone Disease

Osteoporosis

One type of bone disease is osteoporosis. It is the thinning of bones that causes the tendency to sustain fractures from minor stresses. It is usually from hormonal changes or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D that causes the bones to become brittle and fragile. Osteoporosis is most common in postmenopausal women over the age of 50. It is estimated that one-fourth the the world's population of women over 60 have this disease to some degree. Many have no symptoms until they have a bone fracture, but some do experience loss of height. Treatments of osteoporosis includes medications, healthy diet, and weight-bearing exercises. The exercises are used to prevent bone loss or strengthen bones that are already weak.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/osteoporosis

Post 11 What is Bertillonage? Should it be used today? Why or why not?

Bertillonage is a system for the identification of criminals by using anthropometric measurements like head size and arm span. It was invented by Alphonse Bertillon, who was a French officer and biometrics researcher. Although it was used it solve crimes, the system was inaccurate and time consuming because it needed 14 body measurements. Another flaw is that with so many people in the world, there are bound to be people with similar facial structure and measurements. It should not be used today because it takes too long and is not very accurate. Instead, we have a more advanced system today. We use mugshots and fingerprint analysis to differentiate criminals from each other.

Post 10 What is life? Should we support HEs? Why or why not?

Out of all the perspectives, I believe life begins at fertilization. I believe in this because a genome is created from the union of genes from two parents. A genetic blueprint for a human is created and,  thus, life begins at conception or when the egg is fertilized. My belief is that life starts once the egg is fertilized from the sperm because that is where the blueprint to create a baby is formed so life begins there.

I believe that we should support the Human Stem Cell research. The Human Stem Cell research provides possibilities for creating different treatments that can get rid of diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These stem cells are our opportunities to save thousands of people suffering from these diseases and more in the future, and not taking advantage of it would be wasting the chance to save lives. I believe we should support the Human Stem Cell research because we can potentially save many lives if we find cures for the many diseases people are suffering and dying from. We can only do this if we take advantage of researching with the stem cells.

Post 9 Most Interesting Case

In chapter 2 of Dead Men Do Tell Tales, the most interesting case was when they found a body in a septic tank. The body was almost unrecognizable since cockroaches and bacteria had gnawed away the surfaces. The only clues they could use to identify the man was by his preserved bones of hands and feet. The bones they found were identified as a middle-aged man and he had a .22-caliber bullet hole drilled neatly between the center of his forehead, right between the eyes. An old man who lived in Miami had threatened neighbors and bragged about murdering his son-in-law. Everyone ignored him until he died and the new owners of the house found the body of the missing son-in-law in the septic tank.

Post 8 Tissue Disease

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS)



One types of tissue disease is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), which is actually a group of more than ten disorders. It primarily affects the connective tissues such as your skin, joints, and blood vessel walls. People who have EDS experience over-flexible joints, stretchy skin, and abnormal growth of scar tissue. Some other symptoms may include a curved spine, weak blood vessels, bleeding gums, and problems with the lungs, hear valves, and digestion. Another problem is getting stitches for wounds because the skin isn't strong enough to hold them. There is no exact treatment as it depends on the severity of the disease.  It ranges from supportive care and therapies to medications such as Analgesic and Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. On rare occasions, surgery is recommended to repair damaged joints from repeated dislocations, but the skin and the connective tissue of the joint may not recover properly afterwards. The most important factor is to go to the doctor immediately for a diagnosis before it gets worse.

Post 7 Tissue Career

A dermatologist's job consists of looking at and treating patients with skin problems. Their job is to look at any skin irregularities on our bodies that may seem harmful to us such as fungi growth, infections, and most importantly to look for skin cancer. They also have the task of helping people suffering from acne and scars. After diagnosing them, they provide medicine for their skin problems or even cut out some tissues on the body such as ones where cancerous cells are located. A dermatologist must have at least a bachelor's degree and completed courses with chemistry with labs, biology with labs, physics with labs, calculus, and English. Then, they must pass the test by American Board of Dermatology. When completed, they can officially become a dermatologist. The average annual salary is $319,328. However, males were reported to have a median pay of $300,00 while females $262,500. To become a dermatologist requires many rigorous courses and passing the American Board of Dermatology. It is a good career suited for those dedicated to helping patients. Although it pays very well, it seems there are drawbacks of less pay compared to male counterparts if a person is a female in this field.

Ch.3 Q.#15 Why can an organ be permanently damaged if its cells are amitotic?

When cell groups become amitotic, they almost completely lose their abilities to divide when they are fully mature. To become amitotic, there must be cell division by simple cleavage of the nucleus and division of the cytoplasm without spindle formation or appearance of chromosomes. Cells that are amitotic wouldn't be able to heal or repair itself. This would also explain why the heart of an individual who had multiple heart attacks become weaker. If cells are amitotic, an organ is permanently damaged because damaged area cannot be repaired by the division of remaining cells to replace the cells that are lost.

Ch.3 Q.#7 Name the cellular organelles, and explain the function of each.

Cellular organelles need to work together for a cell to properly function. The cellular organelles includes the nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, cytoplasm, chloroplast, cell wall, and cell membrane.  The nucleus is the cell's control center which contains genetic information for DNA while the vacuole stores liquids and food. The mitochondria breaks down food and release energy. Chloroplast is a plant cell that uses light energy to make sugar and the cell wall provides support and structure for plant cells. The cytoplasm acts as an environment for all the organelles. Every cellular organelle has their own specific function to carry out and it is important that each performs its task.

Ch. 3 Short Answer #3 Although cells have differences that reflect their special functions in the body, what functional abilities do all cells exhibit?

All cells exhibit functional abilities such as metabolizing and digesting foods, disposing wastes, reproducing, growing and moving, and being able to respond to stimuli. Some examples of cells are white blood cells, which protects the body by destroying bacteria and other foreign substances. Others make hormones that regulate other body cells and some cleanse the blood. Epithelial cells cover and line body organs while fat cells stores nutrients. All cells have a functional purpose to carry out, whether it be cleaning out wastes or fighting bacteria. Our body cells need to work together so our body can function as a whole.